Personal Data Protection - Free Essay Example

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Cyber Law on E-Commerce CYBER LAW ON E-COMMERCE PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION STATUTES COMPARED TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0INTRODUCTION 2.0PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT 2010 2.1Application 2.2Principles 2.2.1General Principle 2.2.2Notice Choice Principle 2.2.3Disclosure Principle 2.2.4Security Principle 2.2.5Retention Principle 2.2.6Data Integrity Principle 2.2.7Access Principle 2.3Right of Data Subject 2.4Penalties 3.0DATA PROTECTION ACT 1998 3.1Application 3.2Principles 3.2.1Processed Fairly Lawfully 3.2.2Obtained only for One/ More Specified Lawful Purposes 3.2.3Adequate, Relevant Not Excessive 3.2.4Accurate Where Necessary, Kept Up to Date 3.2.5Processed Data Not Kept for Longer Than is Necessary 3.2.6Processed in Accordance with Rights of Data Subject 3.2.7Taking Appropriate Measures Against Unauthorised/Unlawful Processing Against Loss/Damage 3.2.8Personal Data shall Not be Transfe rred to Countries outside of EEA without Adequate Level of Protection 3.3Rights of Data Subject 3.4Penalties 4.0SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PDPA 2010 AND DPA 1998 5.0EXAMPLE OF CASES 5.1Malaysia 5.2United Kingdom 6.0REFERENCES 7.0APPENDIX . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Personal Data Protection" essay for you Create order 1.0INTRODUCTION With the advancement and sophistication of todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s technologies, the world is no longer safe from privacy. Worst of all, there is no law that is able to govern or defend against data privacy or personal data in the Cyberworld. As a result, hackers/perpetrators breach into the privacy of victims, stealing valuable and personal information without victimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge for various purposes, usually to commit frauds. With the rise of cybercrimes and data frauds, protection of personal information and data becomes more crucial. Therefore, a statute was proposed in Malaysia and was named the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA) that seeks to regulate processing of personal data of individuals that are involved in commercial transactions. More importantly, it was drafted to provide protection to any individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personal data. The act was gazetted in the year June 2010 but was not put into force until November 2013. On the other hand , there are other countries that already have governing statutes to protect personal data since a long time ago. As such, the United Kingdom has amended such an act to safeguard the information for the interests of individuals. The act was called Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA). It was first composed in 1984 and was updated in 1998. Since the law of Malaysia is mainly based on the common law legal system, both acts might share similarities which will be further elaborated in the later sections. 2.0PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT 2010 The Malaysia PDPA 2010 has important details that should be noted and elaborated in this assignment. First of all, PDPA is applicable through certain scenarios that must be fulfilled to have the personal data be protected. Furthermore, the processing of personal data should also comply with PDPA 2010 7 principles which are the General Principle, Notice Choice Principle, Disclosure Principle, Security Principle, Retention Principle, Data Integrity Principle and Access Principle. Besides that, knowing the rights of data subject is important as a mean to protect the interest and confidentiality of the data subject. Lastly, failure to adhere or comply with the act leads to consequences and penalties which will also be described here. 2.1Application[1] The act is only applicable to : anyone who processes, or has authorization of the processing any personal data for any commercial transactions. anyone who in not established in Malaysia but uses equipment in Malaysia to process personal data otherwise than for purposes of transit through Malaysia However, there are certain exceptions where the act does not apply to such as : Federal Government State Governments for legal administrative purposes personal data that is processed outside of Malaysia unless data is to be further processed in Malaysia 2.2Principles[2] 2.2.1General Principle This principle disallows the data user from processing personal data unless the data subject has given permission to the data user to do so. Still, this principle is exempted from certain situations such as performance of a contract where data subject is involved, protecting vital interests of data subject, administration of justice many more. Moreover, the principle also states that personal data can be processed only if the data is processed for legal purpose related to an activity of the data user, or processing the data is necessary for that mentioned purpose and that the personal data is just enough and not excessive for the purpose. 2.2.2Notice Choice Principle This principle requires the data user to notify the data subject via written form as a consent to the data subject. The contents of the written form would be : acknowledgement that the data subjectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personal data is being processed description as well as purpose of that data will be provided to the data subject data subjectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right to request access and correction of data with contact details of data user mention of third parties whom the data user has exposed the personal data to choices and means offered by data user to data subject to limit the personal data that is to be processed question to data subject whether data to be supplied is obligatory or voluntary consequences of data subject should he/she fail to supply the data The written form to be sent to the data subject must be written in English and Bahasa Malaysia. Furthermore, a clear and readily accessible means shall be provided to the data subject to make a choice in both the languages. 2.2.3Disclosure Principle With the acknowledgement of the data subject, the personal data can be revealed to parties and for purposes that has been granted by data subject only. The exception where disclosure can be done are : with intention to prevent or detect a crime data user has the right in law to disclose the personal data to other people disclosure is in public interest which is decided by the Minister 2.2.4Security Principle Precaution and necessary steps are to be taken by the data user to protect the data from any loss, abuse, modification, unauthorized access, disclosure or destruction when the data user processes the data. The data user has to take into consideration of : where the data is stored the consequence of the data due to protection failure security measures taken to secure equipment where data is stored ensuring that personnel having access to data is trustworthy and reliable steps taken to ensure the safety of transfer of personal data[3] 2.2.5Retention Principle Under this principle, it is stated that processed personal data for any purpose is not allowed to be kept longer than necessary for the completion of the purpose. The data user will be responsible to conduct measures to ensure that data is deleted permanently once the data is no longer required. 2.2.6Data Integrity Principle The data user is required to verify and make sure that the data maintains its integrity that the data is still intact, up-to-date and has not changed. This way, data that is disclosed to other third parties is the same to avoid any further confusion. Not only that, it becomes an obligation for the data user also to obtain updates from the data subject on a regular basis for data integrity. 2.2.7Access Principle Under this principle, the data subject has the right to access his/her own personal data that is held by the data user. In the event that the personal data might be wrong or inaccurate, the data subject is able to alter and correct the data. However, there are certain exceptions in the Act where the data user may refuse the right to access under certain circumstances such as an element of confidentiality involved. 2.3Right of Data Subject[4] As a personal data belongs to a data subject, the data subject is entitled to several rights to the data. Rights to access personal data The data user needs to inform the data subject whether the data is being processed. A requestor (can be the data subject) may write to the data user to make a data access request upon payment of a fee. From there, a copy of the personal data can be sent to the requestor. Right to correct personal data In the event that the requestor considers that the copy of data supplied to the requestor is inaccurate, not up-to-date or incomplete, the requestor may make a data correction request to the data user to make the necessary correction to the personal data. Right to withdrawal of consent A data subject has the rights to withdraw his consent to the processing of his personal data. This can be done by writing a notice to the data user to inform of the consent where the data user shall cease the processing upon receiving the notice. Right to prevent processing likely to cause damage or distress For reasons that the personal data belonging to the data subject might cause damage to himself or to another person or cause damage that would be unwarranted, the data subject can write a notice to the data user to stop the processing of personal data. However, this right shall not be applied for the same reasons that are stated in the exemptions of the General Principle such as the performance of a contract where data subject is involved. Right to prevent processing for purpose of direct marketing If the personal data is processed for the purpose of direct marketing, the data subject has the rights to require the data user to halt the processing. The data subject, where he may be dissatisfied with the failure of the data user to comply with the notice written to him, an application can be submitted to the Commissioner to assert the data user to comply with the notice. 2.4Penalties There are several punishments or liabilities that are enforced for certain offences made. Each offence carry different severity of liability and/or punishment. Failure to comply with PDPA 2010 Principles[5] The data user is liable to a fine that does not exceed RM300,000 and/or imprisonment for a term of not more than 2 years. Failure of a data user processing personal data without certificate of registration[6] Fine of not more than RM500,00 and/or imprisonment for a term of not more than 3 years. Data user continues to process personal data after registration revoked[7] Fine of not more than RM500,000 and/or imprisonment for a term of not more than 3 years. Failure of data user to comply with code of practice[8] Fine of not more than RM100,000 and/or imprisonment for a term of not more than 1 year. Refusal to comply with commissionerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s requirements to cease processing of personal data that is likely to cause damage or distress[9] Fine of not more than RM200,000 and/or imprisonment for a term of not more than 2 years. 3.0DATA PROTECTION ACT 1998 The Data Protection Act 1998 covers not only personal data but à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in general as a whole as compared to the PDPA 2010 which legislates personal data alone. Even so, DPA 1998 comes first before the PDPA 2010 was even drafted, the DPA 1998 would have enough laws to protect the personal data of the people of the United Kingdom(UK). PDPA 2010 only involves the data subject and data user/processer, this is however, different for DPA 1998 which consists of a data controller, data processor and data subject. A data controller is someone who decides on the purposes of the data that is to be processed whereas the data processor is an individual who processes the data on behalf of the data controller. 3.1Application[10] The Act applies to a data controller in 2 scenarios : only if he is established in UK and that the data are processed there established outside of UK and European Economic Area (EEA) state but uses equipment in UK for processing. A UK representative must be nominated in this case for the purpose of this Act. Besides that, an invidual is considered as being established in UK through these several options : resident of UK a body under the any part of the law of UK a partnership/association that is formed under any part of the law of UK an office/branch/agency in UK and any EEA state performing practice in UK and any EEA state 3.2Principles[11] 3.2.1Processed Fairly Lawfully The First principle specifies that the processing of data must be done fairly and lawfully. 3.2.2Obtained only for One/ More Specified Lawful Purposes Every data that is collected and processed must have its purpose and its reasons which should be stated in a notice by the data controller to the data subject. With that, the data can only be processed for that stated purpose and no other. The Commissioner is also to be notified by the data controller regarding the purpose of the data processing. 3.2.3Adequate, Relevant Not Excessive The information collected should just be enough and not more than necessary nor any less. As an example, filling up a form of membership card only requires full name, race, address, phone number and identification number. Other sensitive personal information that was not asked for such as birth identification number, religion and others are not required. 3.2.4Accurate Where Necessary, Kept Up to Date This principle requires that data should be accurate at all times and should be constantly updated where necessary. Information obtained and recorded by the data controller from the data subject should be accurate by having regards that the data controller have taken reasonable precautions for the ensuring that the data is accurate. The data subject may notify the data controller that the data is inaccurate with the data in hand as proof and fact that it is inaccurate. 3.2.5Processed Data Not Kept for Longer Than is Necessary Once the data has served its purpose, it must be disposed as it is no longer required and is not necessary. In conjunction to the third principle, data would be deemed excessive as the data no longer has any purpose. 3.2.6Processed in Accordance with Rights of Data Subject Any processing of data conducted by the data controller has to be regarded with the rights of the data subject such as rights to access personal data, prevent automated decisions for processing of personal data, preventing the processing of personal data for the purposes of direct marketing and others. There is a timescale where the responses to subject access requests have to be made within 40 days of the receipt of request.[12] 3.2.7Taking Appropriate Measures Against Unauthorised/Unlawful Processing Against Loss/Damage[13] The data controller must be aware of the harm that might result from the unauthorized or unlawful processing or loss or damages that is done to the data. Therefore, it is important to uphold aspects of security to ensure that data is not disclosed or altered in any way. Since the data might have been accessed by employees of the data controller, he has to make sure that the employees are reliable and trustable for the confidentiality of the data. Besides that, the data controller has to pick a reliable data processor so that data is safe. Then, the data processor has to carry out the processing under a contract with the data controller and only to act upon the instructions of the data controller. 3.2.8Personal Data shall Not be Transferred to Countries outside of EEA without Adequate Protection As the Act is legislated in UK, protection towards the data is legit even in EEA. Once data is transferred outside of EEA, protection of the data is not guaranteed to be safe and may be abused for various purposes whilst not protected under this Act. Consent should be given to data subject beforehand for the opinion on the data being transferred outside of the EEA and UK. 3.3Rights of Data Subject[14] Right of Access to Personal Data The data subject has the rights to access personal data that is stored by the data controller. Therefore, the data controller should supply any the personal data of the data subject, purpose of the data and parties who the data controller has disclosed to. There is a small fee of ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¤10 for supplying the information to the data subject. A request in writing must be made to the data controller by the data subject in order to be supplied with the required information. Rights of Correction of Personal Data Should there be any inaccuracy to the personal data held by the data controller, the data subject is entitled the right to force the data controller to correct the mistakes in the data. Rights to Prevent Processing likely to Cause Damage/Distress The data subject is entitled the power to write a notice to the data controller to end the processing of the personal data for a specified purpose and reasons such as the likely of the data to cause damage or distress as well as causing damage/distress to other parties. Rights to Prevent Processing for Purposes of Direct Marketing Personal data that is used for direct marketing attempts can be stopped by the data subject. Likewise, a written notice need to be sent to the data controller to cease the processing of the personal data. With the failure of the data controller to comply, the court can order him to take such steps for complying with the notice if the court is satisfied and thinks fit. Rights to Prevent Automatic Decisions The data subject can specify to require the data controller to ensure that the decisions taken on behalf of the data controller is not done automatically towards the processing of the personal data. The data controller then has to write a notice to the data subject that specifies the steps he intends to take to comply with the requirement of the data subject. Rights to Complain to Information Commissioner If an issue between the data subject and the data controller got out of hand, the data subject can seek the Information Commissioner to review the user of the personal data belonging to the data subject. The Information Commissioner has the power to enforce the ruling of DPA and penalize the data controller under any offence that the data controller has violated. Rights of Compensation In the event that damage or dissatisfaction has invaded to the data subject, the data subject has the right to use the law to obtain compensation for damages that have been caused from inaccuracy, disclosure or loss of the data. 3.4Penalties[15] 4.0SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PDPA 2010 AND DPA 1998 5.0EXAMPLE OF CASES 5.1Malaysia 5.2United Kingdom 6.0REFERENCES 7.0APPENDIX 1 [1] (Yan Ping, n.d.) [2] (Jin Nee Min Lee, n.d.) [3] (LAWS_OF_MALAYSIA_PDPA.pdf, 2010, page 7) [4] (Lee Hishammuddin Allen GledHill Advocates Solicitors, 2011) [5] (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“JW515839 Act 709.indd Personal Data Protection Act 2010.pdf,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2010, page 17) [6] (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“JW515839 Act 709.indd Personal Data Protection Act 2010.pdf,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2010, page 23) [7] (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“JW515839 Act 709.indd Personal Data Protection Act 2010.pdf,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2010, page 24) [8] (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“JW515839 Act 709.indd Personal Data Protection Act 2010.pdf,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2010, page 31) [9] (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“JW515839 Act 709.indd Personal Data Protection Act 2010.pdf,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2010, page 43) [10] (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Data Protection Act 1998 data.pdf,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2013, page 5) [11] (Belfast Education Library Board, 2007) [12] (University of Dunham, 2013) [13] (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Data Protection Act 1998 data.pdf,à ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã‚  2013, page 83) [14] (BBC UK, n.d.) [15] (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Data Protection Act (DPA) Penalties,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2013)

Chapter 4 Of The Nagami Book Dealt With Aids And How It...

Chapter 4 of the Nagami book dealt with AIDS and how it became a common infection in the population. In the book Dr. Nagami explained how mysterious the origin of the disease was in the beginning of the outbreak. There were various explanation for the origins. It was believed that amyl nitrate â€Å"poppers† could be a cause for the disease since homosexual men were known to use them before sex. It appeared predominately in the gay population at the time. Eventually it appeared in the intravenous drug using population, Haitians, people who underwent transfusions and eventually the heterosexual population. This unknown source of the disease was what caused fear in the early stages of the disease. Dr. Nagami explained how this caused fear even in the medical profession as some doctors moved away from treating HIV patients. Dr. Nagami herself changed her behavior being reluctant to shake hands with AIDS patients. Dr. Nagami also knew the fear of HIV from two personal experiences. She was conducting an exam of an HIV patient with a sharpened stick when the patient didn’t respond she poked her finger and drew blood. This exposed her to an HIV infection. She immediately washed her hands rinsed the wound with alcohol and began a regimen of AZT drug treatment. She immediately became fearful of contracting the disease and realized if she did have the disease she would only live to see her children reach their teenage years. This preoccupied her thoughts for a period of a weeks. She then

Science of Consumer Behavior

Questioin: Explore the selection of holiday destination based on consumer behavior. Answer: Introduction A holiday is defined as the set of days or day in which individuals try to refresh their minds through activities which are different from their normal daily activities. Such extended period of leisure is an important tool for people to steer away from the tensions of mundane life and rejuvenate their souls (Ahn, et al., 2013). Therefore, it can be said that holidays are necessary for every individual to as it brings about greater refreshed energy. However while selecting any holiday destination, individuals would need to make note of certain aspects. . Holiday planning and selection of destination is mainly dependent on the two factors. They are budget and time. In the recent scenario, tourism industry has become an emerging industry which provides a lot of fun and enjoyment (Gssling et al., 2012). The industry mainly depends on the choice, taste and the culture of the tourists. Selection of tourist destination varies from person to person. Vacations can be relaxing or adventurous a nd this solely depends on the age and the mentality of the individuals. Travelling companion or partners are also an important criterion in selecting and enjoying a holiday destination. In this assignment, five surveys were done out of which three have been selected. The responses of the attendants were thoroughly justified in coming to the conclusion. According to the response, demographic factors and personality are responsible for selecting a holiday tour. Literature review The personality of a person is an important factor in choosing a holiday destination. According to Alamanos, et al., (2014) individuals who are adventure friendly choose holiday destinations where they can enjoy scuba diving, gliding, hill climbing, or any other adventurous activities. On the other hand, Ashworth and Goodall (2012) opine that people, who enjoy relaxation, choose places where they can relax with their friends, colleagues or families. Shopping destinations are thronged by individuals who enjoy shopping Therefore, it can be understood that individuals who like adventure, choose destinations which gives them an adrenaline rush. Moreover, companions are also important in selecting a holiday destination (Cohen, et al., 2014). Selection of holiday destination also changes when individuals decide to go on holiday either with their friends, families or colleagues. Rich people with high profile choose exotic locations whereas couples mainly prefer locations which are very clos e to nature and have calmness around the location. Travelers choose holiday locations where they can enjoy themselves to the fullest. Demographics is also another factor which helps an individual in selecting their holiday places. Age is the most important criteria in selecting a holiday destination. According to Fontes, et al., (2015), teenagers and young people like places where they can have adventure as well entertainment. They are always eager at exploring new places. They always choose places which offer such adventure and entertainment and they include places like Tristan da Cunha in the United Kingdom, Mawsynram in India, Barcelona Cones and much more (Gssling et al., 2012). People in the age group of the late twenties and early thirties like to visit adventurous places. On the other hand, according to Gabriel and Lang, (2015), others prefer calm places as their holiday destination. The budget is also another important factor. Teenagers do not have enough money while working class individuals are more financially stable when it comes to holidaying. Ethnicity is also another important factor while selecting holiday destinations. Survey results In this assignment, five people were surveyed among which three have been selected. In our selection, we have selected two female and one male respondent. All of them are highly educated and are working professionals. It was observed that these individuals rated holiday destinations based on certain factors. Moreover, the three respondents have varied income level and different demographic quality. Analysis The response of the respondents was thoroughly analyzed by the researcher, and various marking criteria have been selected. On the basis of the response, it has been found that personality and demographic factor are the important issues. Personality From the survey of the three different persons, it can be understood that time duration is an important criterion in selecting a holiday spot according to respondent 2. While Respondent 3 give more importance to cost, whereas respondent 5 gives importance to activities. According to Respondent 2 accommodation and transportation occupies the least importance position. Therefore, it can be said that companions and partners of the "respondent 2" like adventurous places and they are less concerned about transportation and accommodation. She also chooses activities as the second most important factor while selecting a holiday destination. Thus, affirming once again that she is an adventure loving person. She is also highly educated and a Ph.D. holder. This shows that she is an educated person. Moreover price and food is also least important to her. Her best holiday destination is Barossa Valley in Australia because she is an adventure loving individual (Gssling et al., 2012). All the disc ussions about her show that in visiting Australia, she will be profitable in all aspects. "Respondent 3" gives most importance to cost while selecting a holiday tour. Therefore, it can be said that he give importance to value for money while selecting a holiday destination. He always wants to evaluate the value of service in terms of the money he contributes. It can also be said that since his income level is also not much high, he may not be able to spend heavily on holidays. The second most important rating according to him is activities. Therefore, he too likes adventure. The other remaining criteria are of least importance to him, and it can be said that that money is the important factor for him while selecting a holiday destination. He is also highly qualified and has the highest degree of bachelor education. He prefers Hong Kong as the desired location for vacationing with families and friends. Like "Respondent 2" food and accommodation are also of least importance to him. According to him, food and accommodation services available in Hong Kong are not of very high and are unable to fulfill his expectations. The food and accommodation quality of Hong Kong is also rated worst as compared to other countries (Phau, et al., 2014).. According to him, Hong Kong is a place where the expense is moderate and middle-class families can afford to spend holidays in Hong Kong. Therefore, it can be said that Hong Kong is the best place for him to spend leisure times. Respondent 5 chooses activities as the most important criterion in selecting a holiday destination. She likes to visit New Zealand as his preferred destination. She is a fun loving and adventurous person. She has also given importance to the cost while selecting her desired destination to spend her leisure times. Duration and transportation are of least importance to her (Jacobsen, et al., 2012). She had rated New Zealand as a moderate place for in terms of cost, duration, and accommodation for spending times on activities. So it can be said that New Zealand has matched his preference and personality. Demographic Demographic quality is an important factor in selecting holiday destinations. The respondents who were selected are highly educated individuals who are aged above forty. Respondent 2 and Respondent 3 were married while respondent 5 was divorced. It has been found that "Respondent 5" is a citizen of New Zealand and she likes exploring different parts of New Zealand. This also means that she is not comfortable in visiting places outside New Zealand. She is a manager of a company in New Zealand, and her age is above 59 years. It may also be assumed that she does not have enough money for visiting places outside New Zealand. She is also highly moody and needs affiliation. She is an independent woman and has enough power. She also has an extroverted character and is always open to new experiences. These factors play an important role in selecting the holiday destinations (Nicolau Mas, 2015). Respondent 2 is interested in exploring Barossa Valley and her demographic character suggests that she is open to new experiences. She has also got a unique character which can be easily differentiated from others. She has a fascination for tours. She had a family, and her age is near about 43 years. Her companion is her husband, and this is an added advantage for her in business trips. Her demographic qualities also show that she is an adventurous person and would like to travel with her husband. Respondent 3 prefers Hong Kong as his tourist destination. He is a 51 year old man with wife and children. He has always been open to new experiences. He thinks Hong Kong to be dream place to enjoy his leisure times. He loves to travel with his family and has a fascination for Hong Kong. This shows that Hong Kong is the dream place for him. Recommendations Based on the analysis of the respondents regarding the influence of demographic factors on consumer behavior the following recommendations have been suggested. Proper analysis of companion and partners. Prior knowledge about the holiday destination. Thorough analysis of tourist preference and their needs. Identification of the season which draws greater travel and vacationing. Gathering knowledge about the culture of the people. Conclusion The researcher has thoroughly identified the personal traits among the individuals in selecting their holiday destination. The demographic condition also helps to find out the taste of the people. Apart from time and budget, there are several other factors responsible for selecting a holiday destination. The three respondents also have different views in selecting their holiday destination. Companions, partners, income, and age also influence their preference of selecting a holiday destination. Mood and eagerness also help in selecting the holiday destination of people. Thus apart from budget and duration others factors also influence human beings in selecting information. References Ahn, T., Ekinci, Y., Li, G. (2013). Self-congruence, functional congruence, and destination choice.Journal of Business Research,66(6), 719-723. Alamanos, E., Kuznesof, S., Ritson, C. (2014). The influence of holidays on wine purchasing behaviour: marketing and tourism insights based on a holiday experience in Greece.International Journal of Tourism Research. Ashworth, G., Goodall, B. (2012).Marketing tourism places(Vol. 2). Routledge. Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities.Current Issues in Tourism,17(10), 872-909. Fontes, M. A., Giraud-Hraud, E., Pinto, A. S. (2015). Consumers Behaviour Towards Food Safety: A Literature Review. InFood Safety, Market Organization, Trade and Development(pp. 111-131). Springer International Publishing. Gabriel, Y., Lang, T. (2015).The unmanageable consumer. Sage. Gssling, S., Scott, D., Hall, C. M., Ceron, J. P., Dubois, G. (2012). Consumer behaviour and demand response of tourists to climate change.Annals of Tourism Research,39(1), 36-58. Horner, S., Swarbrooke, J. (2016).Consumer behaviour in tourism. Routledge. Jacobsen, J. K. S., Munar, A. M. (2012). Tourist information search and destination choice in a digital age.Tourism Management Perspectives,1, 39-47. Nicolau, J. L., Mas, F. J. (2015). Detecting free riders in collective brands through a hierarchical choice process.Journal of Travel Research,54(3), 288-301. Phau, I., Quintal, V., Shanka, T. (2014). Examining a consumption values theory approach of young tourists toward destination choice intentions.International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research,8(2), 125-139.